JavaScript

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Amy Norris

Director

Alex Herron

Co-Director

Julie Batson

Curriculum Director

The Gabi

Mentor Director

Kim Watt

Marketing Director

Vanessa Shultz

Co-Presentation Director

Alicia Villegas

Co-Presentation Director

Tracy Hockenhull

Technical Materials Director

Our Host this Evening

Dimensional Innovations

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Drinks Served

Laura Kozak

Join us on...

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Our mentors

are super heroes!

Before We Get Started...

This stuff is a challenge!

Don’t be discouraged if you don’t finish each worksheet section before the next presentation section begins.

We cover a lot of difficult material that will take time to understand. We are here (and on Slack after the session) to help!

Tonight's Agenda:
JavaScript

Intro to JS

Operators

Functions

Arrays/Loops

Events

First, we drink!

Intro to JavaScript, Primitive Values, Variables, & Operations

Introduction to JavaScript

JS aka JavaScript

JScript

ECMAScript

HTML + CSS + JS

What Does JavaScript Give Us?

Improve user experience

Provide dynamic functionality

Reduce reliance on server

History

Developed in 1995 at Netscape

History of names:

Mocha
LiveScript
JavaScript

ECMAScript is the official language

JS is one implementation of the standard

JavaScript is NOT Java

JavaScript versus Java

JavaScript: Developed at Netscape
Java: Developed at Sun Microsystems

JavaScript: Object Oriented Scripting Language
Java: Object Oriented Programming Language

JavaScript: Primarily Client-Side [Node.js is server-side JS]
Java: Server-Side

JavaScript: Loosely Typed
Java: Strictly Typed

How Do We Actually Use JavaScript

Link JavaScript files to your HTML

Usually in <head>, but can also be added before closing </body>

Use the <script> tag

Use the src attribute to link to the file

Use the type attribute to specify the language

Adding JavaScript

Add JavaScript directly to files


              <script type="text/javascript">

                  const myJSVariable = "hey ladies!"

              </script>

BEST PRACTICE: Link to JS file


              <script src="assets/js/my-javascript-file.js"></script>

DOM: Document Object Model

A webpage is a document

Browser parses HTML to create the DOM

DOM: Object-oriented representation of the webpage

JS can manipulate DOM

JS Manipulates the DOM

Changing colors

Add/change/remove text

Animate HTML elements

Variables

Variables

Placeholder to store values/data

const and let : good practice is to always set a variable using one of these keywords

var : avoid using this keyword since ES6

const and let

let : variable that can be reassigned

const : variable that cannot be reassigned


            let myName = "John";

            myName = "Jane"; // "Jane"



            const myName = "John";

            myName = "Jane"; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

Variable Naming

JavaScript is case-sensitive: use same case you used when creating the variable to reference said variable

myVariable is not the same as MyVariable

Variable Name Rules

Must start with a letter [upper or lowercase], _, or $

Subsequent characters may contain letters, numbers, _, or $

Best practice: camelCase

Camel Case

First word is lowercase

Subsequent words have have their first letter capitalized, followed by all lowercase

const myVeryFirstVariable

Coding Example

Set a variable


              const myVariable = 5;

Reference that variable by name


              myVariable;

Primitive Values

Basic Data Types in JS

Strings

Booleans

Numbers

Undefined

Null

Strings

Sequence of characters

Enclosed in single or double quotes

Can concatenate with the + operator

Strings


            const double = "Hello World!";



            const single = 'Hello World!';



            typeof(double); // string

String Concatenation


            const hello = "Hello";



            const world = "World!";



            const helloWorld = hello + " " + world;



            // "Hello World!"

Booleans

True or False

Used in conditional statements


            const isTrue = true;

            const isFalse = false;

            typeof(isTrue); // boolean

Numbers

Also commonly called integers

Can include decimals

Can use arithmetic operators

Can use comparison operators

Numbers


            const num = 5;



            const decimal = 5.5;



            typeof(num); // number

Programming Nugget

Numbers wrapped in quotes are strings


            const num = "5";

            typeof(num); // string

Other Primitive Values

Undefined

Null

Undefined

A variable that has been declared, but has no value

Can be assigned a value later


            let x;

            typeof(x); // undefined

null

Explicitly set a variable to null, as a representation that the variable has no value


            let x = null;

            typeof(x); // object

Work Time

Presentation: https://bit.ly/cc-js-slides

Worksheet: https://bit.ly/cc-worksheet

Operators

Math (Arithmetic)

Comparison

Logical

Math Operators

Addition (+)


              const myAge = 21 + 10; // 31

Subtraction (-)


              const agePeopleThinkIAm = 31 - 6; // 25

Math Operators

Multiplication (*)


              const myDogsAge = 38 * 38; // 1444

Division (/)


              const ozWineBottleSplitFourWays = 25.4 / 4; // 6.35

Math Operators

Modulus (%)


              const cookiesLeftAfterThreeKidsSplitCookiesEquallyYeahRight = 16 % 3; // 1

Think remainder that you learned with long division

Math Operators

Increment (++)


              let myAge = 21;

              myAge++; // 22

Decrement (--)


              let cookies = 5;

              cookies--; // 4

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding 2 numbers gives you a sum


              const thirtyFive = 10 + 25; // 35

Adding Strings and Numbers

You can add strings together


              const textString = 'happy' + 'birthday'; // happybirthday

Adding Strings and Numbers

If you add a string and a number, the result will be a string


              const textAndNumberString = 'happy' + 35 + 'birthday'; // happy35birthday


              const numberAndTextString = 'happy' + ' ' + 35 + ' ' + 'birthday'; // happy 35 birthday

Adding Strings and Numbers


              const gotcha = '10' + 25;


              // 1025

Programming Nugget

Adding strings is called Concatenation

Comparison Operators

Equal to (==)


              const myAge = 21;

              myAge == 21; // true

Strict equal to (===): type specific


              const cookies = 0;

              const drinks = '0';

              cookies === drinks; // false

Comparison Operators

Strict not equal to (!==)


              const cookies = 0;

              const drinks = '0';

              cookies !== drinks; // true

Not equal to (!=)


              const myAge = 21;

              myAge != 21; // false

Comparison Operators

Greater than (>)


              const myAge = 18;

              myAge > 21; // false

Less than (<)


              const myAge = 18;

              myAge < 21; // true

Comparison Operators

Greater than or equal to (>=)

Less than or equal to (<=)

Comparison Operators

Ternary

Condition ? expr1 : expr2;

{condition} ? {what happens if true} : {what happens if false} ;


              const myAge = 18;

              myAge > 21 ? 'You are older than me' : 'You are younger than me'; // You are younger than me

Work Time

Presentation: https://bit.ly/cc-js-slides

Worksheet: https://bit.ly/cc-worksheet

Functions, Conditionals, and Debugging

Functions

Aka Methods

Takes input [parameters], processes the input and produces output

Reusable bits of code

Instead of writing the same logic over and over...

Place logic in a function and use that function over and over


            function sayHello() {

                console.log('Hello!');

            }

            

            sayHello(); // Hello!

Programming Nugget

DRY programming

Don't Repeat Yourself

Function Parameters

Functions can pass 0 to many parameters (separated by commas)

Set to a Variable Value


            const functionName = function(optional, parameters, here) {

                // function logic here

            };

            

            functionName();

            functionName('hello');

Example


            //with 1 parameter

            const orderDrink = function(drinkName) {

                return 'I would like a ' + drinkName + ' please.';

            };

            

            orderDrink('gin and tonic');

            //'I would like a gin and tonic please.';

Function Declaration


            function functionName() {

                //function logic here

            }

Function Expression


            //without parameters

            function orderMyFavoriteDrink() {

              return 'I want a margarita.';

            }

            

            orderMyFavoriteDrink();

            //'I want a margarita.'

Arrow Functions

Arrow functions are a shorter way to write functions


            const sayHello = (name) => {

                console.log('Hello ' + name + '!');

            }

            

            sayHello('KC Wit'); // Hello KC Wit!

Return Statement is Optional

JS engine needs a return to know that the function is done and it can move on to the next bit of code

If you don't use a return statement, the function will return undefined

Example


            let drink; // declares variable but doesn't set

            

            function setDrink (cocktail) {

                drink = cocktail;

            }

            

            setDrink('martini');

            //undefined is returned but drink variable is now set to 'martini'


            alert('My current drink of choice is a ' + drink);

            //alert will display 'My current drink of choice is a martini'

Conditionals

JavaScript executes from top to bottom (synchronously)

Conditionals allow us to control the flow of our code

Sometimes you only want to execute code if something is true or false

JavaScript has different types of conditionals with the most common being if/else

if/else

Used to execute code if a condition is true or false

if/else statements can be nested together to create more complex logic


            if (condition) {

                // code to execute if condition is true

            } else {

                // code to execute if condition is false

            }

Example


            const age = 21;

            

            if (age >= 21) {

                console.log('You can drink!');

            } else {

                console.log('You can't drink!');

            }

            // You can drink!

Complex Example


            const usersName = 'Heidi';

            

            if (usersName.length > 0) {

                submitDrinkOrder();

            } else {

                alert('Please enter your name before submitting your drink order.');

            }

            // Submits a drink order

Nested Example


            const usersName = 'Heidi';

            const usersAge = 21;

            

            if (usersName.length > 0) {


                  if (usersAge >= 21) {

                      submitDrinkOrder();

                    } else {

                      alert('You must be 21 to submit a drink order.');

                    }


            } else {


                  alert('Please enter your name.');


            }

Programming Nugget

else is optional


              if (condition) {

                  // code to execute if condition is true

              }

Programming Nugget

if else


              if (condition) {

                  // code to execute if condition is true

              } else if (condition) {

                  // code to execute if first condition false, but second true

              } else {

                  // code to execute if condition is false

              }

Truthy and Falsy

Every value in JavaScript has an inherent truthiness or falsiness

Truthy values are values that are considered true when encountered in a boolean context

Falsy values are values that are considered false when encountered in a boolean context

Values that are 'Truthy'

true
any number that is not 0
any non-empty string (e.g., 'hello')
any array
any object
function
'0' (a string containing a single zero)
'false' (a string containing the text “false”)

Values that are 'Falsy'

false
0
'' (empty string)
null
undefined
NaN

Debugging

Process of finding and fixing errors in your code

Skill that takes time to develop

Debugging Tools

Browser Developer Tools

console.log()

Debugger

Browser Developer Tools

Inspect element

Chrome Lighthouse

console.log()

Prints output to the console

Useful for debugging

Can be used to print out the value of variables

console.log() Examples

With variable


            const name = 'Heidi';

            console.log(name);

            // Heidi

console.log() Examples

With function


            const getSquareFeet = (height, width) => {

                return height * width;

            }

            

            console.log(getSquareFeet(10, 15));

            // 5

console.log() Examples

With description


            console.log('name', name);

            console.log('square feet', getSquareFeet(13, 20);

Debugger

Stops the execution of your code

Allows you to step through your code line by line

Work Time

Presentation: https://bit.ly/cc-js-slides

Worksheet: https://bit.ly/cc-worksheet

Arrays & Loops

Arrays

A list of data items

Items are separated by commas

Items can be accessed by index

Array Examples


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour'];



            const drinksIveConsumed = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 'none of the above'];

Create an Array

Use new Array()

Initialize with an empty string []


              const cocktails = new Array();

              const drinksIveConsumed = [];

Zero-based Index

Grab items in the array via their index

First item in an array is at index 0

Second item in an array is at index 1

Last item is one less than the length of the array (number of items in the array)

Array Example


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour', 'Silicon Valley', 'JS on Rocks'];


            console.log(cocktails[0]);

            // Code on the Beach


            console.log(cocktails[1]);

            // jQuery Sour


            console.log(cocktails[cocktails.length - 1]);

            // JS on Rocks

Things you can do to an Array

Loop through an array

Add / Remove items from the array

And more...

Loops

A way to repeat a block of code, as long as specified condition returns true

JS supports multiple types of loops, but we'll cover the 'for' loop today

For Loops Structure

Increment increases the value set in initialization

Eventually condition is false so that...

The loop stop executing

(Don't get caught in an infinite loop!)


            for (initialization; condition; increment) {

              // code to execute while condition is true

            }

For Each

A loop that iterates through an array

An array method that executes a given function once for each array element

Loops Example


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour'];


            for (let i = 0; i < cocktails.length; i++) {

              console.log(cocktails[i], i);

            }


            // Code on the Beach 0

            // jQuery Sour 1


            cocktails.forEach(function(cocktail, index) {

              console.log(cocktail, index);

            });


            // Code on the Beach 0

            // jQuery Sour 1

Add Item to End of Array

Use the push() method

(some array).push(...some item)


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour'];


            cocktails.push('Silicon Valley');


            console.log(cocktails);

            // ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour', 'Silicon Valley']

Remove Item from End of Array

Use the pop() method

(some array).pop()


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour', 'Silicon Valley'];


            cocktails.pop();


            console.log(cocktails);

            // ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour']

Add Item to Beginning of Array

Use the unshift() method

(some array).unshift(...some item)


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour'];


            cocktails.unshift('Silicon Valley');


            console.log(cocktails);

            // ['Silicon Valley', 'Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour']

Remove from Beginning of Array

Use the shift() method

(some array).shift()


            const cocktails = ['Code on the Beach', 'jQuery Sour', 'Silicon Valley'];


            cocktails.shift();


            console.log(cocktails);

            // ['jQuery Sour', 'Silicon Valley']

Work Time

Presentation: https://bit.ly/cc-js-slides

Worksheet: https://bit.ly/cc-worksheet

Events

HTML Events: things that happen to HTML elements

Event: anytime user or browser interacts with the webpage

JS can "react" to these events

Common Events

onchange: Webpage finishes loading

onclick: User clicks an HTML element (such as button)

onmouseover: User hovers over an HTML element

onchange: HTML element changed in some way

onkeydown: User presses a key

JS Reacting

JS can execute code when "events" happen

JS Events Examples

Button click => closes window

Mouse over text => information box provides more context

Button click => validates a form

Mouse over picture => picture becomes magnified

JS Event Code Examples

HTML


            <button

              id="cocktail-section"

              onclick="clickHandler('Hi there LadyDev!')"

            ></button>


            const clickHandler = function (text) {

              alert(text);

            };

Resources

Mozilla Developer Network
W3Schools - For/In Loop
Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide
JavaScript is Sexy
OOP In JavaScript: What You NEED to Know
Free Code Camp
You Might Not Need jQuery [Shows jQuery code vs. JavaScript & browser support]
JavaScript Popup Boxes [Alert, Confirm & Prompt]

What's Next

Find a friend
Take the quiz
Join Slack
Finish tonight's worksheet
Look through the resources
Register for next month's event

Keep up with us

codingandcocktails.kcwomenintech.org

#LadyDevs #KCWiT

#CodingAndCocktailsKC

JavaScript

Meet the C&C #LadyDevs

Our Host this Evening

Bathrooms...

Drinks Served

Laura Kozak

Join us on...

Our mentors

are super heroes!

Before We Get Started...

This stuff is a challenge!

Tonight's Agenda: JavaScript

First, we drink!

Intro to JavaScript, Primitive Values, Variables, & Operations

Introduction to JavaScript

HTML + CSS + JS

What Does JavaScript Give Us?

History

JavaScript is NOT Java

JavaScript versus Java

How Do We Actually Use JavaScript

Link JavaScript files to your HTML

Adding JavaScript

DOM: Document Object Model

JS Manipulates the DOM

Variables

Variables

const and let

Variable Naming

Variable Name Rules

Camel Case

Coding Example

Primitive Values

Basic Data Types in JS

Strings

Strings

String Concatenation

Booleans

Numbers

Numbers

Programming Nugget

Other Primitive Values

Undefined

null

Work Time

Operators

Operators

Math Operators

Math Operators

Math Operators

Math Operators

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding Strings and Numbers

Programming Nugget

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators

Work Time

Functions, Conditionals, and Debugging

Functions

Reusable bits of code

Programming Nugget

Function Parameters

Set to a Variable Value

Example

Function Declaration

Function Expression

Arrow Functions

Return Statement is Optional

Example

Conditionals

if/else

Example

Complex Example

Nested Example

Programming Nugget

Tonight's Agenda:
JavaScript